Introduction

According to the results of independent archeology, history and philology, the Sythians entered the Carpathian basin from 130 B.C., the Huns from 361 A.D, and the Avars from 586 A.D. According to their common myths all three people originate from Mesopotamia, thus from the Sumerians who started to flee their homeland since the 19th century B.C., when the Babylonians, Kassites, Assyrians and other people attacked the Euphrates-Tigris area. According to archeological research from the second part of the 19th century, the Transylvanian Tordos culture shows striking parallels to the Sumerian Uruk Warka IV and Jemdet Nasr cultures and dates from the 6th millennium B.C., hence about 2 millennia before the Sumerian cultures. We thus have to conclude first that the founders of the first high culture on earth, the Sumerians, originated in Transylvania and second that Sumerians emigrated in several waves back to the Carpathian basin. From these facts (and not from nationalistic reasons), the Hungarian Continuity Theory (HCT) can be formulated as follows:

"The origins of the Hungarians can be traced back to Ancient Mesopotamia through the Sumerian- Scythian-Hun-Avar-Magyar ethno-linguistic continuity, which, together with the evidence of the archeological artifacts of Sumerian origin found in the Carpathian Basin, indicates that the ancestors of the Hungarians were the first permanent settlers of the Carpathian Basin." (Károly Dombi) The continuity of the Hungarians and their ancestors in the Carpathian basin was also proved anthropologically by the late Professor Grover S. Krantz (1988), yet without recurring to the Sumerian origin of the people concerned.

In the present study, I will prove the Hun (Hunnic) part of HCT, since the Scythian part has already been proven in a series of books and articles basically by Fréd Hámori and Rudolf Dudás and for the Avaric part we have at least the study of István Futaky (2001) in which he shows that over 50 Hungarian words originate exclusively from the Avars that thus must have still been present in the Carpathian basin at the time of the offical foundation of Hungary around 1000 A.D.

The word list that I use in the following is taken from a book and an article (2004) by Dr. Csaba Detre and from an additional publication by Imre PetB. Unlike my predecessors, I had the luck to use the Sumerian database of the University of Pennsylvania that is completely updates instead of being forced to use outdated Sumerian and Akkadian dictionaries and wordlists.

The following Sumerian-Hunnic-Hungarian etymologies are based on my two basic works, the "EDH" (Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian, 5 vols., The Hague 2007) and the "HMD" (Hungarian-Mesopoamian Dictionary, The Hague 2007) as well as on additional studies listed in the bibliography at the end. In order not to confuse the reader more than necessary, I do not refer to secondary literature in the lemmata, but invite the reader to consult the works listed in the bibliography.

Since Gerhard Doerfer, in his fundamental study, published in 1973, "Zur Sprache der Hunnen" (On the language of the Huns) came to the desperate conclusion that we know nothing at all about the language the Huns spoke, the situation has drastically changed since Dr. Csaba Detre published parts of the Isfahan Codex in Jerevan which contains a Hunnic grammar and wordlists from the 5th century A.D. Besides Doerfer, the common assumption was that Hunnic was either a Turkic or a Mongolian language or dialect. Since the Transylvanian Székelys trace their origin back to the Huns, some Hungarian researchers also assumed that Hunnic was an early Hungarian dialect. This was already postulated by Julius von Klaproth in 1823. In this study, I come to the conclusion that Hunnic was a language of its own, but strongly related to Hungarian and not to Turkic or Mongolian, although all these languages originate in Sumerian.

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