Tartalom

Abstract

The carving filling almost its entire surface of the ivory horn usually called 'Lehel's horn' preserved in the Museum of Jászberény is divided into four levels.

1.The uppermost level represents the miracle stag following the first description of the Tarihi Üngürüsz (MTA Török F 57 [3a & 3b]) by Terdzsüman Mahmud alias Sebold von Pibrach. Namely King Nimród's horse is just emerging from his castle crowned by parapet, while the sun-disk like drum is brought before him according to Ibn Ruszteh. Before them Magor hunts the miracle stag as it was observed by Prof. Gyula László. At the right end Hunor hunts a lion.

That the lion-hunter is Hunor is proved by the Horseman in Madara, which must have been made before the surrounding inscription mentioning the kagan Tervel (691-719) from the Dulo-Gyula clan. Namely newer Bulgarian research has shown that the Horseman of Madara reappears on the rock carving of Preslav and on the rock carving of Pliska, where his brother Magor hunts stag. The texts of Prokopios and of Jordanes testify, that already Priskus rhetor reported the story of Hunor's and of Magor's hunting from the court of King Etele-Atyl, and this is the reason, that his descendants from the Dulo-Gyula clan ordered to make a memorial to Hunor at Madara. It was explained by Gyula Németh, that the Huns have been renamed Bulgarians just after the death of King Etele-Atyl.

Apparently the story of the hunt by Hunor and Magor reached Korea as well, as it was painted in a tomb of Myong (Wuyong in Chinese).

Hunor's lion-hunt is the explanation of the representatons of lions keepimg their tail forwards on the Hungarian royal sceptre, on the Hungarian coronation mantle, on the Hungarian golden bull and in the palace of the Arpad dynasty in Esztergom.

2. The lowest level the horn of Jászberény represents the feast of the horn as described by the Hungarian Picture Chronicle (OSZK Clmae 404, folio 3recto) as they dance to the tune of a symphony of drum and horn, while candle is lit to the bridegroom. The horn is blown by a king because he is wearing a crown, and his dynastic Turul bird is perched on his head. This bird is an enormous man-sized eagle-like bird just as on the 2nd and 7th vases of Nagyszentmiklós.

The horn used to be symbols of rulers, as for example the golden horn of Kovratos (605-665) found in Malaya Pereschepina in 1912 and now in the Ermitage, the Avar golden horns found in Kunbábony (KJM 71.2.151) and Bócsa (MNM 7/1935.15), the horn 17. of Nagyszentmiklós (KHM Antikensammlung As VII B 39); Árpád's horn in the Hungarian Picture Chronicle (OSZK Clmae 404 folio 11recto) and the horn of King Saint László in the cathedral of Győr.

In addition to the horn and drum the symphony of the Hungarians provided also by a stringed instrument on the horn of Jászberény. Its angled shape with its 9 strings is surprisingly identical with the harp of the Ostyaks, called by them tarüg szimplu jiv in their Hanti language, which means wooden crane's neck as Nóri Kovács was told by the Museum of Hanti-Mansiysk 21st June 2014.

3.She was told that the "wooden crane's necks" were originally used for religious ceremonies, and on the horn of Jászberény we can see, as the naked shaman candidates are climbing to the shamans' tree in order to get shaman's drums there. After climbed there, they could get to the Palace (of Nimrod), where they become the grooms of the shaman-horses grazing there, just as all these are carved on the ivory horn investigated. It was explained by Vilmos Diószegi, that the shaman horses are in fact the shamans' drums. The shamans' drumming constitute hoof-beats bringing them into the heavens.

It follows from this that on the horn of Jászberény the centaurs below the castle crowned by parapet are in fact shaman-horses. This is proved secondly by the fact that it is abnormal that horse would have human trunk, and such abnormality is the sign of being shaman (táltosh in Hungarian) according to the Hungarian traditions as recorded by the famous writer Mór Jókai. Thirdly according to the Hungarian tradition the shaman horses are able to speak human speech, but in order to speak human speech they must have human larynx. Fourthly the shamans fight each-other on occasions, and all the four centaurs on the horn of Jászberény are engaged in fighting. Fifthly the aquamanile of Abaújszántó is in fact a centaur having a drum with five holes, and on the horn of Jászberény we find three shamans who have precisely such drums with five holes, the drumming on which brought them up into the second and third heavens by their hoof-beats. The holes in these drums mirror the sieves also used as shaman drums by Hungarian shaman, the táltoshes.

Incidentally it was recorded by Johannes de Thwocz (Thúróczy) in 1488 (OSZK, Inc 1143, fq5v (249. exposure), lines 9-11), that the Hungarians' constellation is just the Sagittary, which was repeated by Mantin Engelbrecht in Augsburg in the years 1730-40s.

4.The envoy of the divinity, the bird Turul is guarded by two griffons according to the oriental traditions on the horn of Jászberény. The significance of the griffons is testified by Priscus rhetor among the Huns, and by Suidas Lexicon among the Avars. The Tomaj clan always played an important role in the Hungarian history, and their coat-of-arms from 1548 shows that their griffon is among the stars, therefore it forms a constellation. Griffon constitutes the coat-of arms of the prime Hungarian magnats, the Esterházys' family as well.

5. The representations on 'Lehel's horn' are overcrowded. This horror vacui is a specific character of the art of the Avars (568-795AD) as it is demonstrated by the great study by Gábor Fancsalszky (Állat és emberábrázolások a késő avar kori öntött bronzvereteken. Budapest, 2007.) On the horn of Jászberény we can find not only griffons, but very many tendrils as well. This means that it was made by the so called "people of griffons & tendrils", which seems to have arrived around 667 into the Carpathian Basin. Meanwhile this "people of griffons & tendrils" making the horn of Jászberény knew the story of Hunor and Magor, the feast of the horn, and the significance of the dynastic Turul bird, as we have seen just above. It follows from these, that they were Hungarians, and as consequence this horn proves the theory of the so called double conquest by Prof. Gyula László.

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