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Contents

CHAPTER 1. SOLAR ACTIVITY AND ITS TERRESTRIAL EFFECTS. SOLAR ACTIVITY, IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES, HEIGHT OF TROPOPAUSE, GEOMAGNETIC FIELD, GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE SUN, UV-B RADIATION, OZONE CONTENT OF THE AIR
1. Tóth, Gy., Nowinszky, L. (1983): Influence of solar activity on the outbreaks and daily light-trap catches of Scotia segetum Schiff. Z. ang. Ent. 95: 83-92.
2. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J., Kiss, M. (2018): Light Trapping of Microlepidoptera Spec. Indet. Depending on Sunspot Numbers. Modern Applications of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability. 3 (4): MABB: MS. ID.555619.
3. Nowinszky, L., Kiss, O., Puskás, J. (2014): Light trapping of the caddisflies (Trichoptera) in Hungary (Central Europe) of different catches of the Q-index expressing the different intensities of solar flares. International Journal of Theoretical & Applied Sciences. 6 (2): 23-30.
4. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2001: Light-trapping of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) at different values of the Q-index expressing the different intensities of solar flares. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 36. 1-2: 201-205.
5. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J., Mészáros, Z., Kúti, Zs. (2015): Light-trap catch of moth species of the Becse-type light trap depending on the solar activity featured by Q-index. Carib. J. Sci. Tech., 3: 752-760):
6. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2017): Light-trap catch of three moth (Lepidoptera) species at different values of the "Flare Activity Numbers". E-Acta Naturalia Pannonica, 14: 49-56.
7. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2011): The influence of solar terrestrial effects on light-trap catch of night flying insects. Biological Forum - An International Journal, 3 (1): 32-35.
8. Puskás, J., Nowinszky, L., Mészáros, Z. (2014): Light-trap catch of moth species of the Becse-type light-trap in connection with the height of tropopause. Nature & Environment, 19 (2): 173-178.
9. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2013): Light-trap catch of the European Corn-borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) and Setaceous Hebrew Character (Xestia c-nigrum L.) in connection with the height of tropopause. Global Journal of Medical Research Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine, 13 (2): 41-45.
10. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, Kiss, O. (2015): The efficiency of light-trap catches of caddisfly (Trichoptera) species in connection with the height of tropopause in Hungary (Central Europe). Molecular Entomology, 6 (3): 1-7.
11. Nowinszky L, Puskás J, Kiss M. (2017): Light Trapping of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Heteroptera Species in Relation to the Altitude of the Tropopause. Glob. J. Res- Rev. 4 (2): 1-4.
12. Kiss, M., Ekk, I., Tóth, Gy., Szabó, S., Nowinszky, L. (1981): Common effect of geomagnetism and change of moon phases on light-trap catches of fall webworm moth (Hyphantria cunea Drury). Z. ang. Ent. 91: 403-411.
13. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2012): Light trapping of Turnip Moth (Agrotis segetum Den. Et Schiff.) connected with vertical component of geomagnetic field intensity. E-Acta Naturalia Pannonica, 3: 107-111.
14. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2016): Changes in the Number of Macrolepidoptera Individuals and Species Caught by Light-Trap, in Connection with the Geomagnetic Kp and M-Index. Acta entomologica serbica, 21 (1): 1-8.
15. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2016): Light-Trap Catch of Heart and Dart Moth (Agrotis exclamationis L.) in Connection with the Hourly Values of Geomagnetic H-index. Global Journal of Research and Review, 3: 1-4.
16. Nowinszky, L., Puskás J., Kiss O. (2015): Light-Trap Catch of the Fluvial Trichoptera Species in Connection with the Geomagnetic H-Index. Journal of Biology and Nature. 4 (4): 206-216.
17. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2011): Light trapping of the turnip moth (Agrotis segetum Den. et Schiff.) depending on the geomagnetism and moon phases. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 9 (3): 303-309.
18. Nowinszky L, Kiss M, Puskás, J, Barta A (2017): Light-Trap Catch of Turnip Moth (Agrotis segetum Denis et Schiffermüller, 1775) in Connection with the Night Sky Polarization Phenomena. Glob J Res Rev. 4. 2. 22: 1-9.
19. Nowinszky L., Kiss M., Puskás J. & Barta A. (2017): Light Trapping of Caught Macrolepidoptera Individuals and Species in Connection with Night Sky Polarization and Gravitational Potential of Sun. Mod. Appl. Bioequiv. Availab. 2 (4): MABB.MS.ID.555594 1-6.
20. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J., Örményi, I. (1999): Light trapping of the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) in connection with the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica. 34. 1-2: 123-126.
21. Puskás, J., Nowinszky, L. (2010): Flying activity of the Scarce Bordered Straw (Helicoverpa armigera Hbn.) influenced by ozone content of air. Advances in Bioresearch, 1 (2): 139-142.
22. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2011): Light-trap catch of the harmful insects in connection with the ozone content of the air. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology, 2 (3): 98-102.
23. Ladányi, M., Nowinszky, L., Kiss, O., Puskás, J., Szentkirályi, F., Barczikay, G. (2012): Modelling the impact of tropospheric ozone content on light- and pheromone-trapped insects. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 10(4): 471-491.
24. Nowinszky, L., Kiss, O., Puskás, J. (2014): Influence of ozone content on light trapped Trichoptera species in Central Europe. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology, 5 (3): 66-70.

CHAPTER 2 THE MOON. MOON PHASES, POLARIZED MOONLIGHT, ENVIRONMENTAL LIGHTINGS
25. Nowinszky, L., Tóth, Gy., Bürgés, Gy., Herczig, B. (1991): Vertical distribution related with migration and moon phases of Macrolepidoptera species collected by light-traps. Georgicon for Agriculture. 3. 1: 27-38.
26. Nowinszky, L., Bürgés, Gy., Herczig, B., Puskás, J. (1999): Flying Height of Insects Connected with Moon Phases Used the Light-Trap Catch Data, Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica. 44 (1): 193-200.
27. Nowinszky, L. (2004): Nocturnal illumination and night flying insects. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 2. 1: 17-52.
28. Nowinszky, L., Kiss, O., Puskás, J. (2014): Light-trap catch of caddisflies (Trichoptera) in the Carpathian Basin and Anatolia in the four quarter of the Moon. Journal of the Entomological Research Sciences, 16 (3): 11-25.
29. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J., Kúti, Zs. (2010): Light trapping as a dependent of moonlight and clouds. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 8 (4): 301-312.
30. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2010): Light trapping of Helicoverpa armigera in India and Hungary in relation with moon phases. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 81 (2): 152-155.
31. Nowinszky, L., Szabó, S., Tóth, Gy., Ekk, I., Kiss, M. (1979): The effect of the moon phases and of the intensity of polarized moonlight on the light-trap catches. Z. ang. Ent. 88: 337-355.
32. Nowinszky, L., Hirka, A., Csóka, Gy., Petrányi, G., Puskás, J. (2012): The influence of polarized moonlight and collecting distance on the catches of winter moth Operophthera brumata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) by light-traps. Eur. J. Entomol., 109: 29-34.
33. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2014): Light-trap catch of Lygus sp. (Heteroptera: Miridae) in connection with the polarized moonlight, the collecting distance and the staying of the Moon above horizon. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology, 5 (4): 102-107.
34. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2015): Light-trap Catch of European Corn-borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) in Connection with the Polarized Moonlight and Geomagnetic H-Index. Annual of Natural Sciences, 1 (1): 3-8.
35. Nowinszky, L., Mészáros, Z., Puskás, J. (2007): The hourly distribution of moth species caught by a light-trap. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 5. (1): 103-107.
36. Nowinszky, L., Mészáros, Z., Puskás, J. (2008): The beginning and end of the insects' flight towards the light according to different environmental lighting. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 6 (2): 137-145.

CHAPTER 3. WEATHER. MACROSYNOPTIC WEATHER SITUATIONS, WEATHER FRONTS AND AIR MASSES, WEATHER AREAS, WEATHER EVENTS AND ELEMENTS, ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY
37. Nowinszky, L., Károssy, Cs., Puskás, J., Mészáros, Z. (1997): Light trapping of turnip moth (Scotia segetum Schiff.) connected with continuance length of time and changes of Péczely type macrosynoptic weather situations. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica. 32. 3-4: 319-332.
38. Nowinszky, L., Károssy, Cs., Tóth, Gy. (1993): The flying activity of turnip moth (Scotia segetum Schiff.) in different Hess-Brezowsky's macrosynoptic situations. Időjárás. Quarterly Journal of the Hungarian Meteorological Service. 97. 2: 121-127.
39. Keszthelyi, S., Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2013): The growing abundance of Helicoverpa armigera in Hungary and its areal shift estimation. Central European Journal of Biology, 8. 8: 756-764.
40. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J., Örményi, I. (1997): Light trapping success of heart-and-dart moth (Scotia exclamationis L.) depending on air masses and weather fronts. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica. 32. 3-4: 333-348.
41. Puskás, J., Nowinszky, L. (2008): Pre- and Postfrontal Influences on Light Trapping of Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata L.) Acta Silv. Lign. Hung., 4: 49-54.
42. Keszthelyi S., Puskás J., Nowinszky L. (2008): Changing of flight phenology and ecotype expansion of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) in Hungary Part 1. Biomathematical evaluation. Cereal Res. Commun., 36 (4): 647-657.
43. Puskás, J., Nowinszky, L., Makra, L. (2006): Joint influence of meteorological events on light trapping of turnip moth (Scotia segetum Schiff.) Proc. Nat. Sci. Matica Srpska, Novi Sad. 110: 259-266.
44. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J., Ladányi, M. (2012): Efficiency of light-traps influenced by environmental factors. International Journal of Science and Nature, 3 (3): 521-525.
45. Nowinszky, L., Kiss, O., Puskás, J. (2014): Effect of weather conditions on light-trap catches of Trichoptera in Hungary (Central Europe). Polish Journal of Entomology, 83: 269-280. DOI: 10.2478/pjen-2014-0021.
46. Puskás, J., Nowinszky, L., Kiss, O. (2016): Light-trap catch of the fluvial Trichoptera species in connection with the air- and water temperature. Annales of Natural Sciences. 2(2): 16-23.
47. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2014): The number of Macrolepidoptera species and individuals in Kámon Botanic Garden (Hungary) depending on the daily hydrothermal situations. Nature & Environment 19(1): 54-58.
48. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2012): Light-trap Catch of the Turnip Moth (Agrotis segetum Den. et Schiff.) in connection with the Atmospheric Electricity. Advances in Bioresearch, 3 (1): 11-13.

CHAPTER 4. OTHER PROJECTS. EARTHQUAKES, CHEMICAL AIR POLLUTANTS, NORMAL AND BL LAMPS, SEX RATIO
49. Nowinszky, L., Szeidovitz, Gy., Puskás, J. (1998): Light trapping of insects during earthquakes. Acta Geod. Geoph. Hung., 33. 2-4: 377-389.
50. Nowinszky L., Puskás J. (2017): Light Trap Catch of Beetle Species (Coleoptera) in Connection with the Chemical Air Pollutants. J. Entomol. Res. Soc., 19(3): 27-34
51. Puskás, J., Nowinszky, L. (2011): Light-trap catch of Macrolepidoptera species compared the 100 W normal and 125 W BL lamps. E-acta Nat. Pannon. 2 (2): 179-192.
52. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J., Tar, K., Hufnagel, L., Ladányi, M. (2013): The dependence of normal and blacklight type trapping results upon the wingspan of moth species. Applied Entomology and Environmental Research, 11 (4): 593-610.
53. Kiss, M., Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2002): Examination of female proportion of light trapped turnip moth (Scotia segetum Schiff.). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica. 37. 1-3: 251-256.
54. Nowinszky, L., Puskás, J. (2015): Sex Ratio Analysis of Some Macrolepidoptera Species Collected by Hungarian Forestry Light Traps. Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica, 11 2): 99-110.
55. Nowinszky, L., Kiss, O., Puskás, J. (2014): Swarming patterns of light trapped individuals of caddisfly species (Trichoptera) in Central Europe. Central European Journal of Biology. 9(4): 417-430. DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0272-z
56. Nowinszky. L., Puskás, J., Kiss, O. (2016): Protandry and protogyny in swarmings of caddisflies (Trichoptera) species in Hungary (Central Europe). International Journal of Research in Zoology. 6 (1): 1-5.

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Recommendation

During the Iron Curtain period, many people tried to flee from Hungary into Austria across Lake Fertő (Neusiedler See). Few managed it; most were caught. Almost all those captured had with them some printed map or hand-drawn sketch map. These had it in common that they all showed a landmark, drawn to help the user find north. The landmark was a light trap by the lake, used by Hungarians researching its moths.

I am not saying the light trap's main function was as a landmark, merely that it helped a great many refugees.

Since then the Iron Curtain has been drawn back and the programme of examining the Lepidoptera of Fertő is over. The light trap has regained its original entomological function of assisting Hungarian researchers, particularly the research group headed by László Nowinszky in recent decades.

Lighting and light traps have been helping with night-time moth collection for over two centuries. But night-time light sources can be used not only for collection, but to study insect's behaviour. Hungary was first in the world in 1952, when Tibor Jermy and his team began setting up their network of light traps. The details of their captures still represent a vast database, of note to researchers with a wide range of interests.

Both the types of light trap and the knowledge obtained through them increased to a marked extent over the half-century. The findings fill fat books and periodicals. This volume holds a selection of that material, across the full spectrum of information the research group obtained. Among the authors are an entomologist, a meteorologist, an astronomer and a geophysicist, which gives an idea of how many sciences can put questions that analysis of the captured insect material may be able to answer.

Although most of the articles treat expressly narrow scientific issues, readers of average knowledge will also find matters of interest in them. The most important message concerns the huge volume of remarkable discoveries and unanswered questions about the world's wildlife that still await us in the early 21 st century. This can be considered a flourishing period for insects, and all enquiries that bring us nearer to understanding them help to refine and perfect our view of the world.

Prof. dr. habil. Károly Vig PhD
Chair of the Hungarian Entomological Society

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