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Contents

Introduction
N Hungary in the light of the Miocene History of Hungary
General characteristics of Hungary's Pannonian s. l.
Open-pits of the "Thorez" mines /Pontain/
Eger, Wind's brickyard
Novaj, Nyárjas
Mályi
Mád, Rátka, Tokaj. Miocene volcanism in the Tokaj
Mountains
Tokaj, Patkó quarry
Borehole Hidasnémeti-1.
Field-guide from Miskolc to Rudabánya
Rudabánya - a prehominid locality
Nekézseny, gravel pit
Egerian, Miocene sequence of the Nógrád-Cserhát area
Kazár village, road-cut North Hungarian core depository of the Hungarian Geological Institute. Rákóczibánya-telep /borehole Sámsonháza-16/a/
North Hungarian core depository of the Hungarian Geological Institute. Rákóczi-telep /borehole Szirák-2./
Rákos area, Badenian deposits
Jászberényi street, brick-yard clay pit
Zsámbék-Basin /Tinnye, Sőreg, Budajenő/
Tinnye, sand-pit
Sőreg-domb, quarry
Borehole Budajenő
Palaeontological characterization of the Sarmatian

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Introduction

Excursion A/1 to N Hungary is to demonstrate the typical Hungarian representations of the Neogene and late Paleogene. The five-day itinerary of the bus trips leads from the NE part of Hungary to the vicinity of Budapest. On the first day the excursion participants will be shown Egerian formation developed in the SW part of the Bükk Mountains, at the stratotype localities of the Egerian stage. On the second day the Pannonian deposits occuring east of the Bükk and the most characteristic exposures of the Miocene volcanic complex of the Tokaj Mountains will be presented. In addition, the participants will be offered an opportunity to examine core samples, spanning from the Pleistocene to Karpatian interval, of an 1,500 m deep exploratory borehole drilled near the Slovakian border. On the third day the participants will be shown round and given information on the rock sequence and geological setting of the Lower Miocene Borsod Coal Basin and they will pay a visit to the Pannonian exposure in the iron ore mine of Rudabánya that has yielded a rich mammal fauna and famous hominid finds. At Nekézseny, on the NW fringes of the Bükk Mountains, seashore deposits of Karpatian age will be presented. On the fourth day the participants will visit the Neogene rock sequence of the areas between the Mátra and Cserhát Mountains as exposed in outcrops and in two boreholes of considerable depth. These include marine, brackishwater, evaporitic and volcanic formations. On the fifth day classic fossiliferous Badenian, Sarmatian and Pannonian localities will be visited.

In the first two chapters of the Guidebook the major characteristics of Neogene sedimentation in Hungary have been briefly summarized with special emphasis on the North Hungarian facies and on the very thick and peculiar brackishwater Pannonian deposits that are important from both the scientific and economic points of view. These beds have yielded an endemic fauna that is unique from paleontological point of view. The information on each particular stop was written by the specialist dealing with the given area and a more detailed explanation will be given on the spot. For some of the exposures, the relevant description is the first account ever given of the site involved. Even in case of old exposures, however attempts have been made to include the new results. Some of the exposures are so-called key sections, i. e. types or points of reference concerning Hungarian formations. Their revision has been already partly completed, and partly, it is being carried out now. The itinerary of the excursion is shown on the enclosed geological map on scale 1:500,000.

/P. MÜLLER/

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