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Contents

EDITOR'S NOTE

GREETINGS
GÖNCZ Árpád, President of the Republic of Hungary
MEDGYES Péter, Vice-Rector of the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest
KLAUDY Kinga, Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the 2nd Transferre Necesse Est Conference
KOHN János, Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the 1st Transferre Necesse Est Conference

PLENARY LECTURES
SNELL-HORNBY, Mary: Lingua Franca and Cultural Identity - Translation in the Global Village
NIDA, Eugene: The Principles of Discourse Structure and Content in Relation to Translating
GILE, Daniele: Interpretation Research: Realistic Expectations
LAMBERT, José: Translation and the Mobility of Communication: on the Relevance of Theoretical Models in Contemporary Society
NEWMARK, Peter: Translation and Ideology
KINGSCOTT, Geoffrey: Conference Summing Up

SECTION 1. PREPARATIONS FOR EUROPEAN INTEGRATION, CROSSCULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND USERS' EXPECTATIONS
DOW, Fiona: Scaling the Fortress - Preparation for Accession to the European Union
SCHÄFFNER, Christina: European Integration through Translation?
TYTGAT, Kristin: Problems of a Linguistic European Integration
SUNNARI, Marianna: Finnish Interpreting Services in the European Union after the First Year
DIDAOUI, Mohamed: Bayanic Translation an Optimum Solution for Multilingual Translation
HIDASI Judit: Crosscultural Differences in Users' Expectations
HULST, Jacqueline: Focus on the Target Text: Towards a Functional Model for Translation Quality Assessment
BREZOLIN, Adauri: A Pragmatic Tool in Self-Evaluative Activities for Higher Translation Quality
HELTAI Pál: Minimal Translation

SECTION 2. LSP AND TRANSLATION
SCHMITT Peter A.: A New Approach to Technical Translation Teaching
TSE, Chung Alan: Conceptual Equivalence and Translation: Translating Common-Law Terms into Chinese
REY, Joëlle: Contrastive Analysis of Textual Progression in Scientific Texts
GERZYMISCH-ARBOGAST, Heidrun: Interculturally Varying Text Norms as a Problem of Translating

SECTION 3. INTERPRETING, MEDIA T/I
IZARD, Natalia: The Situational Factors in Film Translation
JETTMAROVÁ, Zuzana: The Initiator and the Initial Norm in the Advertisement Translation
PEARL, Stephen: Mistranslation and the Media
ALEXIEVA, Bistra: Interpreting Mediated TV Events
FRANCIS, Michael: The Making of a Conference Interpreter
MARZOCCHI, Carlo: The Analysis of Argumentation and its Relevance to Interpretation Research and Theory
TOMMOLA, Jorma & LAAKSO, Tiina: Source Text Segmentation, Speech Rate and Language Direction: Effects on Trainee Simultaneous Interpreting
KO, Leong: Teaching Business Interpreting in Australia
KURZ, Ingrid: Interpreters: Stress and Situation-Dependent Control of Anxiety
BENDIK József: 'Packaging' Sells the Product
TORRES-DIAZ, Maria Gracia: Why Consecutive Note-Taking is not Tantamount to Shorthand Writing?

SECTIONS 4-5. THE STATE OF ART IN T/I STUDIES, GENERAL ASPECTS, LINGUISTIC ASPECTS
CHESTERMAN, Andrew: Explanatory Adequacy and Falsifiability in Translation Theory
KOVAČIČ, Irena: Why Language Studies Matter to Translation Studies
BONAČIČ, Mirjana: The Role of Discourse Analysis in Translation Studies
LENGYEL Zsolt & NAVRACSICS Judit: Translation in the Mirror of Nature and Nurture Language Faculties
AUDET, Louise: Evaluation and Characterization Model of the Process of Translation
STRANIERO SERGIO, Francesco: Transfer Competence in Simultaneous Interpretation from Russian into Italian: A Contrastive Approach
MARTIN DE LEON, Celia: Translation of Euphemisms and Euphemistic Translations
VEISBERGS, Andrejs: Constrains of Norms and Language Type in Translation of Occasional Transformations
LEHTINEN, Marjatta: Differences in Imagery: Translating English verbs of CONTAINMENT into Finnish
HRISTOVA, Sashka: On the Translation of Pragmatic Particles in Fictional Dialogue
RUSSO, Mariachiara: Morphosyntactical Asymmetries between Spanish and Italian and their Effect during Simultaneous Interpreting
NOHARA, Kayoko: Domestication Used in the Translation between English and Japanese
RIABTSEVA, Nadezhda: Linguistic Competence and Translation in Cross-Cultural and Applied Perspectives
HELIEL, Mohamed: Towards an English-Arabic Translatory Dictionary

SECTIONS 6-7. TEACHING TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETING I-II
DOLLERUP, Cay: Translation: Teaching, Profession and Theory
ADAB, Beverly: Semiotics and the Teaching of Translation - a Study of the Relevance of Peircean Semiotics in the Interpretation of Meaning
DIMITRIU, Rodica: Pre-Translational Activities and the Translator's Options
KOLTAY Tibor: The Role of Abstracting in the Education of Translators
BASSA Lia: Applied Communication Studies. Training Interpreters
MACK, Gabriele - CATTARUZZA, Lorella: Awareness of Text and Context as a Prerequisite for Interpreting
HALÁCSY SCHOLZ Katalin: The Cloud In-between. Experiences in Teaching Oral Translation to University Students
G. LÁNG Zsuzsa: Strategies to Form Good Listening Habits in Interpreting
KOBERSKI, Eva: Beginner Course in Interpretation: Keeping the Apprentice-Interpreter Happy
MACKENZIE, Rosemary & NIEMINEN, Elina: Motivating Students to Achieve Quality in Translation
GARCIA ALVAREZ, Ana Maria: Is Anyone Qualified to Translate and Evaluate a Translation? The Deplorable Evaluation System of Some Examination Institutes of Translation
BARROS, Maria: Word for Word Translation: When and Why?
ALVAREZ LUGRIS, Alberto: Praecavare Necesse Est, or Tu Quoque Brutus?
GROMOVÁ, Edita: Interpretation in Teaching Literary Translation
PETREQUIN-JESSEN, Sally: Translation and Cultural Literacy
BRANDLE, Maximilian: A Place for Subtitles in Interpreter/Translator Education?
EDWARDS, Marion: Advertisements in the Translation Class
KIRALY, Donald: Students Take the Floor. In Search of Alternative Approaches to Classroom Interaction
LEPPIHALME, Ritva: Reflection and Interaction Leading to Discoveries in the Translation Classroom
SZOMOR Erika: Text-typology as a Useful Tool in Translator Training
YERMOLOVICH, Dimitri: Informational Approach to Translation Courses/Text-books
MÁRTA Anette: Text linguistics in Teaching Translation
GABET, Dominique: Approaches to Teaching the Translation of Specialized Languages
ÉLTHES Ágnes: Communicative and Linguistic Approaches to the Process of Teaching Technical Translation from French into Hungarian

SECTION 8-9. LITERARY TRANSLATION I-II
SOHÁR Anikó: Virtual Translations or Cyberpunk in Hungary
MILTON John: Translation and Popular Culture
SHENBERG, Galia: Literary Adaptation Functions in the Literary Polysystem: Two Adaptations to Romeo and Juliet
RAMIREZ, Ana Sofia: Different Cultural Conventions in the English-Spanish Translation
QVALE, Per: The Procrustean Bed of Translation
AALTONEN, Sirkku: Translator in the Theatre - Pariah or Master
VALLÓ Zsuzsa: Teaching Theatre Text Translation or the 4 Tees
MONDAY, Jeremy: Linguistic Criticism as an Aid to the Analysis of Literary Translation
S. FENYŐ, Sarolta: Equivalence at Sentence Level Based on the Translator's Point-of View
ZAUBERGA, Ieva: Global Acculturation and Translation of Marginalized Literature
AMBROSIONI, Gabriella: Exile and American Multiculturalism as an Endless Translation
TELLINGER, Dusan: Confrontation of Cultures - Naturalization Approaches in the Translations of Gogol's Revisor
PEDRO, Raquel de: Rediscovering the World Relearning Language: Figurative Meaning in Other People by Martin Amis
SCHMITZ, John Robert: Reflections about Language Awareness in J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye and the Brazilian and Portugese Translations
OITTINEN, Riitta: Carnival Cannibalism and Cultural Otherness: Three Finnish Alices
JONES, Francis R.: Four Dimensional Crosswords: Poetry Translation Strategies

SECTION 10. TRANSLATION AND TECHNOLOGY
LAVIOSA-BRAITHWAITE, Sarah: Investigating Simplification in an English Comparable Corpus of Newspaper Articles
MALA, Belinda: Sentence Structure and Thematization in Comparable and Parallel Texts
BELIAEVA, Larissa: Semantic Methods of Noun Phrase Analysis
POROZHINSKAYA, Galina: Aspects of Literary and MT Editing in Teaching Translation
PRÓSZÉKY Gábor: MoBiDic: A New Language Technology Tool for Translators

Author's Index

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Foreword

The Proceedings of the 2nd International Transferre Necesse Est Conference on Current Trends in Studies of Translation and Interpreting is an attempt to commemorate the event, when during three rainy September days in 1996, in an old building of the ELTE University of Budapest, 400 translation specialists from 40 countries gathered to find common ground to discuss the burning issues of our multilingual world at the turn of the century - translation, interpreting, their teaching and research.

The lively interest in this topic can be illustrated by the number of presentations, more than 200 lectures were delivered during the three days in 10 different sections:

- Preparations for European Union Integration, Crosscultural Differences and Users'Expectations (Section 1)
- LSP and Translation (Section 2)
- Interpreting, Media T/I (Section 3)
- The State of Art in Translation Studies, Linguistic Aspects, General Aspects (Section 4-5)
- Teaching Translation and Interpreting (Section 6-7)
- Literary Translation (Section 8-9)
- Translation and Technology (Section 10)

The wide range of topics has been motivated by the desire of the organisers to encourage the possibly widest participation of translation and interpreting specialists from all over the world.

This volume contains all plenaries, and 82 of the section-papers. In the following we would like to outline the principles of formulating the structure of the whole volume, and applied in the editing of section papers.

(1) In order to preserve the atmosphere of the conference, the editors decided to follow as much as possible the actual structure of the conference. The titles and the contents of different chapters coincide with the titles and the contents of the respective sections. The speakers under the chapter headings follow each other not in the alphabetical order of their family names, but rather in the sequence of their presentations. An alphabetical list of authors can be found at the end of the volume.

(2) As authors of section-papers were asked to limit the written text of their presentation to six pages, papers exceeding this limit, had to be cut accordingly. The style of references and linguistic examples also had to be unified. Otherwise no editing was attempted therefore authors are responsible themselves for the text of their papers.

Editing this volume was laborious work, but a source of great pleasure at the same time. While bending over the lengthy and monotonous job of editing the style of references, we could not help enjoying the wide panorama of thoughts and ideas. We can only hope, our future readers will enjoy themselves equally.

Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to the plenary speakers for publishing their lectures in this volume, and to all contributors, who have taken the trouble and let us have their papers in a final, written form.

Kinga Klaudy - János Kohn

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